Mai i ngā Āhuatanga Matū ki ngā Mātāpono Mahi: Te Mārama ki te 1-methylcyclopropene
1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS Nama 3100-04-7, whakarāpopototia ko 1-MCP). Mai i te tirohanga matū, he matū iti te 1-MCP, he rite ki te hau kore tae i te pāmahana rūma. He māmā noa iho tōna hanganga ngota engari he mahi koiora ahurei tōna – ka taea e ia te "ārai" i te tuku tohu ethylene i roto i ngā tipu.
He rite te mahi a te ethylene ki te "kaiārahi pakari" mō ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, e tere ake ai te ngawari, te rerekē te tae me te pirau. He tino rite te hanganga ngota o te 1-MCP ki te ethylene, ā, ka taea e ia te here ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi ethylene i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau tipu i mua i te wā, ka hanga he "āhua ārai" pumau. He rite tēnei huinga ki te whakatakoto i tētahi "pōtae haumaru" ki runga i te kaiwhakawhiwhi ethylene, e aukati ana i te ethylene tūturu ki te tuku tohu pakari, ā, ka whakaroa i te tukanga pakari o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i muri i te pakari.
He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te āhuatanga o te 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP ko te "tino whai hua me te iti o te horopeta". E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau he nui te pānga tiaki o te nuinga o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua mā te kukū o te 0.1 ki te 1 maikirīta anake i ia rita. Heoi anō, he ngāwari te pirau i roto i te taiao tūturu, ā, e kore e noho roa ki te oneone, ki te wai rānei, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua matomato. I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 30 ngā whenua me ngā rohe huri noa i te ao kua whakaae ki tana whakamahinga i roto i te mara ahuwhenua. Kua whakaurua hoki e Haina ki roto i te kāwai o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu kua whakaaetia kia whakamahia i roto i te "Paerewa Whakamahinga Tāpiri Kai".
He maha ngā mahi: Te "Kaitiaki o te Hou" mai i te mara ki te tēpu
I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, ko ngā whakamahinga oPaura 1-MCPkua kapi katoa i te mekameka whakaputa hua me huawhenua, te rokiroki, te kawe me te hoko, ā, kua noho hei "kaitiaki tiaki" tino nui i roto i te mekameka tuku hua ahuwhenua.
Wāhanga rokiroki: Whakaroahia te wā hou me te whakaiti i te ngaronga
I mua, ahakoa i rongoatia ngā aporo ki roto i te rokiroki makariri i muri i te kotinga, ka heke te auau hua pai ki te 70% i muri i ngā marama e rua. Ināianei, mā te maimoatanga 1-MCP, ka taea tonu te pupuri i te auau hua pai ki te 92% i muri i ngā marama e 4. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i muri i te whakamahinga o te 1-Methylcyclopropene ki ngā hua pectin pērā i te aporo me te pea, ka roa ake te wā rokiroki toharite mā te 2 ki te 3 ngā wā, ā, ka heke te ngaronga ā-tau mā te neke atu i te 3 miriona tana.
Hononga kawe waka: Pakaruhia ngā "here wā me te wāhi" ka whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o ngā hoko
Mā te āwhina o te hangarau 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, kua angitu te urunga o ngā māngo a te rōpū mahi tahi ki ngā mākete o te raki pērā i a Heilongjiang me Jilin, me te pikinga o ngā hoko ā-tau o te 40%. I roto i te rāngai kaweake, he nui ake te mahi a te methylcyclopropene. Ina kaweakehia ngā cheri Haina ki ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-Rawhiti, i muri i te maimoatanga 1-MCP, ka roa ake te ora o te pupuri mai i te 3 rā ki te 10 rā, ā, ko te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te rahinga kaweake he 25%.
Rāngai hokohoko: Kia mau tonu te hou me te whakarei ake i te wheako kaihoko
I te tomokanga atu ki te wāhanga hua me te huawhenua o tētahi hūpermakete, ka tohua ngā hua kiwi, ngā rōpere, ngā āwōkātō me ētahi atu hua i runga i ngā whata ki te "maimoatanga tiaki 1-MCP". Ngā hua me ngā huawhenua kua rongoatia ki1-Methylcyclopropenekua roa ake te ora mō te 5 ki te 7 rā, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te reka me te āhua pai. Ehara i te mea kua whakaitihia noa te para, engari ka taea hoki e ngā kaihoko te hoko rōpere hou, ā, kua piki ake te reiti hoko anō mā te 18%.
He mea whakamīharo te heke mai: Ka whakawhānui ake te auahatanga hangarau i ngā rohe o te tono
I te whanaketanga me te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te whānui haere tonu ngā whakamahinga o te 1-MCP. Haunga ngā hua me ngā huawhenua noa, kua angitu te whakamahinga i roto i te mara o te tiaki putiputi. Kua whakatairangahia tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā momo putiputi tapahi rongonui pērā i te kānati me te rengarenga, ā, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga o ngā putiputi i te wā e kawe ana me te hoko.
I taua wā tonu, hei whakarei ake i te haumaru me te ngāwari o te whakamahi, kua whakarewahia hoki e te umanga ngā momo hua 1-MCP. Haunga ngā kaihoko tuku hau tuku iho, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā hua tuku-pūmau totoka me ngā hua papa i te mākete. Kāore ēnei hua e hiahiatia he taputapu ngaio, ā, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakamahi ngāwari i te kāinga.
1-Methylcyclopropeneehara i te mea he mea tiaki noa iho engari he "whakatairanga hangarau" hoki mō te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ahuwhenua kounga teitei. Ā muri ake nei, ka kaha ake te whakatairanga i te hangarau tono 1-MCP, ka ārahi i ngā umanga ki te whakamahi i tēnei i roto i te huarahi paerewa, kia pai ake ai te whakatutuki i te pikinga moni whiwhi a ngā kaimahi pāmu, ngā painga o ngā kaihoko me te whakapai ake i te mekameka tuku hua ahuwhenua.
He haumaru te 1-methylcyclopropene?
He "waehere tiaki" iti te paitini o te 1-methylcyclopropene, ā, he tino whai hua. He olefin porowhita iti te methylcyclopropene, he hau kore tae i te pāmahana rūma. Ko tōna tikanga mahi matua kei roto i te "aukati i ngā tohu ethylene". E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga hangarau ka taea e te ethylene, hei "hormone maoa" mō ngā tipu, te whakatere i te maoa me te whakangawari o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua i muri i te maoa. Ka taea e te 1-MCP te here tuatahi ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi ethylene me te aukati i ngā wāhi mō te wā roa, ka aukati i te tukanga maoa mai i te pūtake, ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua mā te 50% ki te 200%.
Ko te mea nui ake kia arohia ko ngā raraunga haumaru: ko te paitini nui o te waha me te kiri LD50 he nui ake i te 5000mg/kg, e tutuki ana i te paerewa whakarōpūtanga "kāore e tino paitini". Ko te uara ADI (te kai e whakaaetia ana i ia rā) he 0.0009mg/kg o te taumaha tinana. Kua whakaaetia te whakamahinga o te 1-Methylcyclopropene i roto i te neke atu i te 30 whenua tae atu ki Haina, te Hononga o Amerika me Ūropi. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he tino iti te toenga o te 1-MCP i roto i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, ā, he ngāwari te pirau. I raro i te whakamahinga noa, kāore e tūkino i te hauora o te tangata.
He tohunga a UnilongNgā kaiwhakarato 1-methylcyclopropene. Ka eke te parakore o te paura 1-mcp e hangaia ana e mātou ki te 3.7%. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te paerewa ahumahi mō te parakore o te 1-mcp he 3.3%. I taua wā, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i ngā horopeta iti me ngā kete iti o te 0.035%. He ngota hau te 1-MCP e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whata hūpāmakete, i ngā pouaka hua rānei. I muri i te tukatuka, ka memeha katoa, ā, kāore he toenga matū e toe ana ki ngā hua.?
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-04-2025