I roto i te umanga matū, e rua ngā hua he tino ōrite ngā ingoa, arā, ko te waikawa glyoxylic me te waikawa glycolic. He maha ngā wā kāore e taea e te tangata te wehewehe i a rāua. I tēnei rā, me titiro ngātahi tātou ki ēnei hua e rua. Ko te waikawa glyoxylic me te waikawa glycolic he matū waro e rua, he rerekē te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga. Ko ō rāua rerekētanga kei roto i te hanganga ngota ngota, ngā āhuatanga matū, ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā whakamahinga, penei:
He rerekē te hanganga me te hanganga o ngā ngota ngota
Koinei te rerekētanga tino taketake i waenganui i ngā mea e rua, e whakatau tika ana i ngā rerekētanga o ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Ko te CAS 298-12-4, me te tātai matū C2H2O3 me te tātai hanganga HOOC-CHO, kei roto ngā rōpū mahi e rua – te rōpū carboxyl (-COOH) me te rōpū aldehyde (-CHO), ā, nō te akomanga waikawa aldehyde o ngā matū.
Ko te CAS 79-14-1, me te tātai matū C2H4O3 me te tātai hanganga HOOC-CH2OH, kei roto i ēnei rōpū mahi e rua – te rōpū carboxyl (-COOH) me te rōpū hydroxyl (-OH), ā, nō te akomanga waikawa α-hydroxy o ngā matū.
E rua ngā ngota hauwai (H2) e rerekē ai ngā tātai ngota o ngā mea e rua, ā, ko te rerekētanga o ngā rōpū mahi (rōpū aldehyde vs. rōpū hydroxyl) te rerekētanga matua.
Ngā āhuatanga matū rerekē
Nā ngā rerekētanga o ngā rōpū mahi ka rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga matū i waenga i ngā mea e rua:
Ngā āhuatanga owaikawa karukōrika(nā te aroaro o ngā rōpū aldehyde):
He kaha ōna āhuatanga whakaiti: he ngāwari te whakapūngao i te rōpū aldehyde, ā, ka taea te tauhohe i te whakaata hiriwa me te otinga haukini hiriwa, ka tauhohe ki te whakatārewatanga hauwai parahi hou kua oti te whakarite hei hanga i tētahi matūriki whero-pereki (waikura kapuro), ā, ka taea hoki te whakapūngao hei waikawa oxalic mā ngā waikura pēnei i te pāhare pākawa me te hauwai waikura.
Ka taea e ngā rōpū aldehyde te pāngia e ngā tauhohenga tāpiri: hei tauira, ka taea e rātou te tauhohe ki te hauwai hei hanga waikawa glycolic (he momo hononga whakawhiti tēnei i waenganui i ngā mea e rua).
Ngā āhuatanga o te waikawa glycolic (nā te aroaro o ngā rōpū hydroxyl):
He nucleophilic ngā rōpū hydroxyl: ka taea e rātou te whai i ngā tauhohenga esterification intramolecular, intermolecular rānei me ngā rōpū carboxyl hei hanga i ngā esters cyclic, i ngā polyesters rānei (pērā i te waikawa polyglycolic, he rauemi polymer pirau).
Ka taea te whakakōkō i ngā rōpū hauwaiora: heoi, he nui ake te uauatanga o te whakakōkō i ērā o ngā rōpū aldehyde i roto i te waikawa glyoxylic, ā, e hiahiatia ana he whakakōkō kaha ake (pērā i te pāhare pākawa dichromate) hei whakakōkō i ngā rōpū hauwaiora ki ngā rōpū aldehyde, ki ngā rōpū carboxyl rānei.
Te waikawa o te rōpū carboxyl: Kei roto i ngā mea e rua ngā rōpū carboxyl, ā, he waikawa anō hoki. Heoi, he ngoikore te pānga tuku irahiko o te rōpū hydroxyl o te waikawa glycolic ki te rōpū carboxyl, ā, he ngoikore ake tōna waikawa i te waikawa glycolic (waikawa glycolic pKa≈3.18, waikawa glycolic pKa≈3.83).
Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana rerekē
Āhua me te wairewatanga:
He ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai me ngā whakarewa waro pōro (pērā i te etanoru), engari nā te rerekētanga o te pōro irahiko, he paku rerekē te wairewatanga (he kaha ake te pōro irahiko o te waikawa glyoxylic, he paku nui ake te wairewatanga ki te wai).
Te pūwāhi rewa
Ko te ira rewa o te waikawa glyoxylic he tata ki te 98℃, ko te waikawa glycolic he tata ki te 78-79℃. Ko te rerekētanga i ahu mai i ngā kaha i waenga i ngā ngota (he kaha ake te kaha o te rōpū aldehyde o te waikawa glyoxylic ki te hanga hononga hauwai me te rōpū carboxyl).
Taupānga rerekē
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia i roto i te umanga hanga matū waro, pērā i te hanga o te vanillin (te kakara), te allantoin (he takawaenga rongoā hei whakatairanga i te whakaora patunga), te p-hydroxyphenylglycine (he takawaenga paturopi), me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tāpiri i roto i ngā otinga whakakikorua hiko, i roto rānei i ngā mea whakapaipai (me te whakamahi i ōna āhuatanga whakaiti me te antioxidant). Ngā hua tiaki makawe: Hei wāhanga whakangawari, ka āwhina i te whakatika i ngā whenu makawe kua pakaru me te whakarei ake i te kanapa o te makawe (me whakakotahi me ētahi atu wāhanga hei whakaiti i te riri).
Hei waikawa α-hydroxy (AHA), ko tōna whakamahinga matua kei roto i te mara o ngā hua tiaki kiri. He wāhanga tango kiri (mā te whakarewa i ngā matū honohono i waenga i te paparanga kiri hei whakatairanga i te whakahekenga o te kiri mate), hei whakapai ake i ngā raruraru pēnei i te kiri taratara me ngā tohu hakihaki. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te umanga kakahu (hei kaihoko whakama), hei kaihoko horoi (hei tango i te unahi), me te hanga kirihou pirau (waikawa polyglycolic).
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mea e rua i ahu mai i ngā rōpū mahi: kei roto i te waikawa glyoxylic he rōpū aldehyde (he kaha ngā āhuatanga whakaiti, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga rauropi), ā, kei roto i te waikawa glycolic he rōpū hydroxyl (ka taea te whakaester, te whakamahi i roto i ngā mara tiaki kiri me ngā rauemi). Mai i te hanganga ki te taiao, tae atu ki te tono, he rerekētanga nui kei a rātou katoa nā tēnei rerekētanga matua.
Wā tuku: 11 o Ākuhata 2025