ngā purongo

Polyethyleneimine(PEI te whakarapopototanga), me te nama CAS o 9002-98-6, he pūmua cationic wairewa-wai. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko te nui o ngā rōpū amino (ngā amine tuatahi, ngā amine tuarua, me ngā amine tuatoru) kei roto i tōna mekameka ngota ngota. Nā tēnei hanganga i whakatau tōna kaha kawakore, tōna kaha tauhohenga teitei, me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū ahurei. He uara tono nui tō te Polyethyleneimine i roto i ngā mara maha.

I. Ngā Mōhiotanga Taketake: Hanganga me te Whakarōpūtanga

1. Hanganga matū

Ko te waeine tāruarua o PEI ko -CH₂CH₂NH-, ā, ko ngā rōpū amino i runga i tōna mekameka ngota ka hoatu he āhuatanga cationic kaha (pKa≈10) – ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga kūpapa, waikawa ngoikore rānei, ka taea te whakaporonetia i ngā rōpū amino (-NH₂→-NH₃⁺), koinei te pūtake matua o tōna wairewatanga wai, tōna kaha matatini me te mimiti mata.

E ai ki ngā hanganga rerekē, ka wehea rātou ki ngā momo e rua:

Polyethyleneimine rārangi (L-PEI): He rārangi te mekameka ngota, ko ngā amine tuarua te rōpū amino matua (tata ki te 90%), ā, he iti te ōwehenga o ngā amine tuatahi me ngā amine tuatoru. He whaiti te tohatoha papatipu ngota whanaunga, ā, he teitei ake te parakore.

Polyethyleneimine manga (B-PEI): He nui ngā mekameka taha kei roto i te mekameka ngota ngota, me te ōwehenga taurite o ngā amine tuatahi (≈25%), ngā amine tuarua (≈50%), me ngā amine tuatoru (≈25%), ā, he nui ake te tauhohenga. Koinei te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ahumahi.

2. Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana matua

II. Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: He aha i Whānui ai te Whakamahinga o te PEI?

Te āhuatanga kaha o te kationika me te kaha ki te whakakotahi: He utu pai tō te rōpū amino i muri i te whakapūtātanga, ā, ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā matatini pumau me ngā matū kua utua kinotia (pērā i te DNA, te RNA, ngā tae anionic, ngā uku, me ngā katote konganuku), koinei te tikanga matua o tana mahi i roto i te tuku ira, te maimoatanga wai, me te mimiti konganuku.

Te kaha o te tauhohenga: Ka taea e ngā rōpū Amino (ina koa ko ngā amine tuatahi) te whai wāhi ki ngā momo tauhohenga (pēnei i te tāpiritanga o Michael, te whakatuwheratanga mowhiti epoxy, te acylation, ngā tauhohenga hononga whakawhiti), ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko hononga whakawhiti me te whakarerekētanga hei whakahaere i te mata o te rauemi.

Te wairewatanga wai me te āhua hanga kiriata: Nā te wairewatanga pai o te wai ka māmā ake te tukatuka. I muri i te maroke, ka taea te hanga i tētahi kiriata matotoru, ā, he āhuatanga piri me te ārai tō te kiriata.

Kaha te kawakore: Nā te nui o ngā rōpū amino i roto i te ngota ka tino kawakore te wairewa (pH≈10 ki te 12), ā, ka taea e ia te pāngia e ngā tauhohenga whakakorekore me ngā matū waikawa.

III.He aha te whakamahinga o te polyethylenimine(Whakarōpūtia e ngā horopaki tono

1. Mara koiora (Matua: Ngā kawe ira

Ko te PEI tētahi o ngā kaikawe ira kore-huaketo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā:

Mātāpono Ka hangaia e te PEI Cationic me te DNA/RNA anionic he "pūhui PEI-waikawa karihi" mā te taunekeneke hiko, e kore e tiaki noa i ngā waikawa karihi mai i te pakaru e ngā nuclease engari ka taea hoki e rātou te tomo ki ngā pūtau mā te endocytosis. Heoi anō, ko te "pānga hautai proton" o te PEI (te mimiti i ngā proton i roto i te pūtau i muri i te protonation) ka whakaoho i te pakaru o te vesicle ka taea te whakatairanga i te tukunga o ngā waikawa karihi ki roto i te cytoplasm;

Te Whakamahinga: Te rongoā ira (pēnei i te tuku ira mō ngā pukupuku me ngā mate ira), te tuku kano kano waikawa karihi, ngā whakamātautau whakawhiti pūtau (te matū whakawhiti PEI e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taiwhanga);

Kia mōhio: He nui te paitini o te PEI taumaha-ngota teitei. I tēnei wā, kua whakawhanakehia ngā PEI whakarerekētia iti-paitini (pērā i te PEI whakarerekētia-peG me ngā matūriki PEI honohono-whiti).

2. Mara maimoatanga wai (Matua: Ngā mea whakapūkara, Ngā mea whakakōpiri)

Flocculant: Ko te āhuatanga cationic oPolyethylenimine PEIka taea te whakakore i ngā matūriki iri i roto i te wai (pērā i te onepu, te mea rauropi, me te huakita), ka huihui, ka tau hoki ngā matūriki. Ka whakamahia mō te purenga wai inu me te maimoatanga wai para ahumahi (pērā i te tā me te tae, te hanga pepa), he tino pai mō te maimoatanga wai para he nui te paru me te nui o te rauemi rauropi.

He mea mimiti Ka taea e te rōpū amino o te Polyethylenimine PEI te hanga hononga honohono me ngā katote konganuku taumaha (pērā i te Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Pb²⁺), ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tango i ngā konganuku taumaha i roto i te wai para ahumahi. Ka taea hoki te hanga hei rauemi mimiti kua whakarerekētia e te polyethylenimine (pērā i te waro whakahohe PEI, ngā muka nano PEI) hei whakarei ake i te kaha mimiti.

3. Te mara o te whakarerekētanga mata rauemi (Matua: Whakarerekētanga Mahi)

Te Whakarerekētanga Pepa/Muka: Mā te maimoatanga Polyethylenimine PEI o te pepa ka taea te whakarei ake i tōna kaha mākū, tōna ātete ki te wai me tōna āheinga ki te tā (mā te hono atu ki ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mata muka), ā, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te hanga pepa motuhake (pēnei i te pepa takai, te pepa tātari).

Te maimoatanga mata whakarewa: Ka taea e te polyethylenimine te hanga i tētahi kiriata tiaki ki te mata whakarewa, hei whakarei ake i te ātete ki te waikura o te whakarewa, ā, ka taea hoki te mahi hei whakatairanga piri mō ngā paninga whakarewa.

Te whakarerekētanga rauemi pūmua: Ka whakamahia te PEI hei kaihoko hononga whakawhiti, hei hototahi rānei hei whakapai ake i te hototahitanga me te piri o ngā pūmua (pēnei i te whakarerekētanga hononga whakawhiti o te polyurethane me ngā kapia epoxy), hei whakarei ake rānei i te pai o te wai o ngā rauemi (pēnei i ngā kiriata polyolefin kua whakarerekētia e te PEI).

4. Ētahi atu tono ahumahi

Ngā piripiri me ngā hiri: Ka taea e te rōpū amino o te PEI te hono atu ki ngā aldehydes, isocyanates, me ētahi atu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei rongoā mō ngā piripiri wai. Ka whakamahia te polyethylenimine hei hono i te rakau, te pepa, me te konganuku, he kaha te hono me te ātete pai ki te wai.

Te umanga tae me te tae: Ka taea te whakamahi i te Polyethylenimine PEI hei whakapiri mō ngā tae cationic (ina koa mō te tae i ngā muka taiao pēnei i te miro me te hiraka), hei whakarei ake i te piri me te horoi o ngā tae; Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te Polyethylenimine hei whakamarara tae hei aukati i te kohikohinga o ngā tae.

Te tango hinu: Ka whakamahia te PEI i roto i te maimoatanga wai o te mara hinu (pēnei i te aukati wai me ngā kaihoko whakahaere kōtaha), hei tāpiri wai keri rānei hei whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā wai keri.

Mā te whakarerekē i te taumaha ngota ngota (te taumaha ngota ngota iti, te paitini iti; te taumaha ngota ngota teitei, te ngohe teitei), te hanganga (te raina me te peka), me ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga (te peG-ylation, te hononga whakawhiti, me te whakakotahitanga) opolyethylenimine, ka taea te whakawhānui ake i tana tono i roto i ngā mara teitei (pēnei i te tuku rongoā kua tohua me ngā rauemi mahi motuhake).