ngā purongo

I. Te Whai Huatanga Ārai-Paturopi Whānui-Kāore e Taurite

5-Kōro-2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-one (CMIT), me te tātai ngota C₄H₄ClNOS me te taumaha ngota o te 149.6, ko tētahi o ngā matū isothiazolinone e tino mōhiotia ana, e tino pono ana hoki i roto i te umanga tiaki taonga o te ao. E whakamanamana ana ki te whakatauranga Pukapuka 10—te paearu haumaru me te pono teitei rawa atu—CMITkua whakatūria ia hei tūāpapa mō te tiakitanga paturopi hou puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā tono ahumahi.

I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia, ā, i hokohokohia hoki e Rohm rāua ko Haas i raro i te ingoa waitohu rongonui Kathon™, ko te CMIT te mea e whakamahia ana hei wāhanga matua o te ranunga 3:1 synergistic me Methylisothiazolinone (MIT). Ko tēnei huinga kaha e kiia ana ko tētahi o ngā biocides whānui-whānui tino whai hua me te whai hua e wātea ana i te mākete o te ao. E whakanuia ana te CMIT mō tana mahi whānui-whānui tino pai, e ārai ana i te tipu o ngā huakita (Gram-pai me te kino), ngā harore, te rewena, me te rimurimu. Ko te tikanga kei muri i tōna kaha kei roto i tana wāhanga whanariki koiora, e whakakōkī ana i ngā toenga kei roto i te thiol i roto i ngā pūtau moroiti, e whakararuraru ana i ā rātou pūmua me ngā whākōkī, ā, i te mutunga ka arahi ki te mate tere o ngā pūtau. Ka aro atu tēnei tauhohenga hiko ki ngā ara matū nui, e whakarite ana kia kore e taea e ngā moroiti te whakawhanake i te ātete tere - he painga nui atu i te maha atu o ngā matū tiaki. I ngā kukū iti iho i te 150 ppm, ka taea e ia te pehi katoa i te tipu huakita, ā, i te 125 ppm, ka aukati katoa i te rewena me te pokepokea ai, e whakarite ana i te pumau me te haumaru o te hua i te wā rokiroki me te whakamahinga.

II. Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi Maha puta noa i ngā Rāngai Matua

Te whai huatanga o5-Kōro-2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-onee horapa ana puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā rāngai ahumahi, e whakarato ana i te tiakitanga nui i roto i ngā taiao wero e tūpono ai te poke o ngā moroiti ki te kounga o te hua me te haumaru whakahaere.

I roto i te maimoatanga wai ahumahi, ka whakamahia whānuitia te CMIT i roto i te wai whakamatao e rere ana, te maimoatanga waipara, me ngā pūnaha wai tukatuka hei whakahaere i te tipu o ngā moroiti me te ārai i te poke koiora. Ka taea e ngā kiriata koiora te whakaiti nui i te pai o te whakawhiti wera me te whakateretere i te waikura i roto i ngā paipa me ngā taputapu. Mā te whakakore pai i ēnei hapori moroiti, ka whakarite te CMIT i te pai me te roa o te hanganga ahumahi matatini, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te wā kore mahi. I roto i te umanga paninga,CMIThe wāhanga nui mō te tiaki i roto i te kēne, te tiaki i ngā peita wai, ngā whakapūkara, me ngā piripiri mai i te pirau o ngā moroiti i te wā e rongoa ana. Ki te kore e tika te tiaki, ka ngawari ēnei hua ki te tipu o ngā huakita me ngā harore e puta ai te haunga, te huringa matotoru, me te korenga o te hua. Ka whakawhirinaki te rāngai hinu me te hau ki te CMIT hei whawhai i te poke o ngā moroiti i roto i ngā wai keri me ngā pūnaha mara hinu. Ka taea e ngā huakita whakaiti-whāwhā te whakaputa hauwai whākawa, ka arahi ki te kawa o ngā puna wai me te waikura nui o ngā taputapu whakarewa. Hei tāpiri,CMITHe mea tiaki pai tēnei i roto i ngā hopi horoi, i ngā hopi horoi rihi, me ētahi atu mea horoi whare, hei ārai i te tipu o ngā moroiti ka pā kino ki te kounga o te hua.

III. Te Tūranga Hiranga i roto i te Tiaki Whaiaro me ngā Herenga Ture Pūmau

I aCMITHe matū koiora tino whai hua te CMIT, ā, kei raro i te mana whakahaere pakari tōna whakamahinga i roto i te tiaki whaiaro nā te mea e mōhiotia ana tōna kaha ki te whakaaweawe. I roto i te umanga whakapaipai, he maha te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua horoi pēnei i te shampoo, te conditioner, me ngā horoi tinana, ā, ko tōna kaha tiaki kaha ka āwhina i te pupuri i te kounga o te hua. Heoi, me tino tika te whakamahinga o tēnei, nā te mea he matū whakaaweawe kiri e mōhiotia ana ka taea te whakaputa i te mate pāwera ki te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate pāwera.

I raro i te Whakatakotoranga Hangarau Haumaru Whakapaipai (Putanga 2015), ko te ranunga 3:1 o te CMIT/MIT ka whakaaetia anake i roto i ngā hua whakapaipai horoi-kore i te kukū mōrahi o te 0.0015% (15 ppm). Ko tēnei taumata whakamahinga tino iti e whakaatu ana i te kaha whakamiharo o te matū—ahakoa i roto i ēnei kukū iti, ka tiakina pai mai i te whānuitanga o ngā poke. Mēnā ka nui ake tēnei rohe, ka puta he mōrearea nui ki te hauora, tae atu ki te whero o te kiri, te mākūkū, te ponana, me ngā mate pāwera kino. E whakaatu ana ngā mahi ture hou i roto i ngā mana whakahaere maha i te hiranga o te piripono ki ēnei aratohu haumaru. Me pupuri e ngā kaihanga ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga pakari, ngā pūnaha inenga tika, me te whakamātautau kai tino pai hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kaihoko me te whakamahi i tōna kaha tiaki tino pai.

IV. Ngā Painga o te Pūmautanga, te Hototahitanga, me te Hanganga

Haunga tōna kaha ki te patu huakita,CMITHe nui ngā painga o te whakatakotoranga. He tino pai te pumau o te CMIT puta noa i ngā momo pH, ā, e mau tonu ana tōna whai huatanga i waenga i te pH 2 me te 9, e pai ai mō ngā momo hua rerekē mai i ngā whakatakotoranga horoi waikawa ki ngā emulsions kūpapa me ngā wai ahumahi kawakore ngawari. Mā tōna pumau wera ka noho kaha tonu ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao tukatuka e tūtaki ana ki ngā pāmahana teitei.

CMITHe tino hototahi hoki ki ngā kai hanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, tae atu ki ngā surfactants nonionic, anionic, me amphoteric, tae atu ki ngā momo polymers, thickeners, me emulsifiers. Mā tēnei hototahi ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o ngā taunekeneke kāore e hiahiatia ka arahi pea ki te kore pumau o te hanga, ki te whakaiti rānei i te whai huatanga o te tiaki. He rerekē ki ētahi tiaki tuku iho e tauhohe pea ki ētahi atu wāhanga hei hanga i ngā matūriki, ka whakauru pai te CMIT ki roto i ngā hanganga uaua me te kore e whakararu i ngā āhuatanga ataahua pēnei i te tae, te kakara, te kakano rānei. Hei tāpiri, kāore te CMIT e whai wāhi ki te tukunga formaldehyde, kāore hoki e whai wāhi ki ngā whakarewa halogenated, ā, he kōwhiringa pai ake mō te taiao ki te whakataurite ki ētahi hangarau tiaki tawhito.

 V. Te Tūranga Matua o te CMIT i roto i ngā Pūnaha Tiaki Taiao Hou

Ahakoa ngā herenga ture e pā ana ki tōna whakamahinga,CMITHe taputapu nui tonu tēnei i roto i ngā patu a te kaihanga. Nā tōna whai huatanga kore e taea te whakataurite—te whakatutuki i te tiaki kaha i ngā kukū iti rawa—ka nui ake te ohanga i te maha o ngā mea tiaki rerekē e hiahia ana ki ngā taumata horopeta teitei ake. Nā tōna tere whakamate tere ka tiakina wawetia mai i ngā tūponotanga poke, he mea tino nui i roto i ngā taiao hangahanga kei reira ngā puranga hua e ngoikore ana i ngā wāhanga hanga me te takai. Nā tōna mahi whānui-ahumahi ka whakarite i te tiaki whānui mai i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā moroiti e whakawehi ana i ngā hua ahumahi, ka whakangawari i ngā rautaki tiaki.

Te titiro whakamua,Ngā CMITE tūmanakohia ana ka mau tonu te tūranga o te tiaki ahumahi, inā koa i roto i ngā tono kore-whakapaipai, ina koa kāore anō kia rite te pai o tana mahi me ōna painga utu. Mā te rangahau tonu ki ngā hangarau whakatakotoranga hou me ngā pūnaha tuku tiaki ka whakarei ake i tōna āhua haumaru, ka taea ai te whakamahi tonu me te aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga hauora me te taiao e puta ake ana. I te whanaketanga o te umanga tiaki ki ngā otinga pumau ake, tera pea ka mau tonu te CMIT i tōna tūranga hei kaihoko patu huakita taketake—he mea e whakataurite ana i te whai huatanga tino pai me te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te kawenga ture.